Azimuthal pressure gradient as driving force of substorm currents

Azimuthal plasma pressure gradient in quiet time plasma sheet

[1] We have investigated the quiet-time azimuthal plasma pressure gradient in the plasma sheet at a radial distance of 10 RE to 12 RE using two THEMIS spacecraft that were in overlapping orbits during the 2008 THEMIS tail season. The equatorial plasma pressure is estimated by using the insitu measurement of the plasma pressure and magnetic pressure based on pressure balance assumption. The resu...

Oppositely directed H+ gradient functions as a driving force of rat H+/organic cation antiporter MATE1.

Recently, we have isolated the rat (r) H(+)/organic cation antiporter multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1) and reported its tissue distribution and transport characteristics. Functional characterization suggested that an oppositely directed H(+) gradient serves as a driving force for the transport of a prototypical organic cation, tetraethylammonium, by MATE1, but there is no direct evidence...

What Is The Driving Force Behind Industrial Development In Iran? Rent Seeking And Labor Exploitation As The Driving Force Of Industrial Growth

Evaluation of Biogas as an Alternative Driving Force of Electrically Operated Vehicles: A Case Study

In the present world, energy is indispensable for maintaining the comfort level and living standard of the human. On the other hand, the energy crisis is a major problem in most of the developing countries like Bangladesh. A possible reason is that, the decreasing level of conventional energy sources and the lack of initiatives for introducing the alternative sources of energy. Moreover, the in...

Optical gradient force of cosh-Gaussian with sine-azimuthal and half-space phase modulation

The optical gradient force distributions in focal plane of cosh-Gaussian beams with sine-azimuthal variation wavefront and half space phase modulation were investigated. Results show that optical gradient force distributions can be affected considerably by the phase retardation of half-space phase modulation, of a phase parameter that indicates the phase change frequency on an increasing azimut...